Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Profile of Toxidermias in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the Army Training Hospital/University Hospital Center (HIA/CHU) of Cotonou, Benin

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Toxidermias are mucocutaneous complications secondary to the enteral, intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration of drugs. They have a high semiological variability. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of toxidermias in a hospital population in Cotonou. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive, retrospective aim, which took place from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2017, in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the Army Training Hospital/University Hospital Centre (HIA/CHU) of Cotonou, Benin. Results: A total of 45 cases of toxidermias were diagnosed, representing a frequency of 0.62%. A female predominance with a sex ratio =1.2 was noted. The average age was 36.2 ± 19.4 years. Antibiotics whose sulfonamides were the most implicated drugs in the occurrence of toxidermias. Hyperpigmented macules were found in 46.66% of patients. Fixed pigmented erythema was diagnosed in 35.5% of patients and was the most frequent toxidermy, 62.22% of our patients were cured, and 33.33% were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Drug-induced skin reactions are not negligible and fixed pigmented erythema is the predominant clinical form of this disease in Cotonou.