Agro-morphological characterization of beans of the Phaseolus genus and identification of their cultivated species in Benin (West Africa).
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Abstract
The local cultivars of the Phaseolus genus present within the local communities constitute a considerable source of genes
and consequently of genetic diversity which would lead to success of the varietal creation of beans. Nevertheless, these
resources suffer from a significant genetic erosion because of the climatic requirement but also of the difficulties related
to their cultivation methods. The objective of this study is to identify the phenotypical distinctive features of the species
of the Phaseolus genus cultivated in Benin for a permanent management. To achieve this goal, an agro-morphological
characterization was carried out on two years (2019-2020) from March to August of each, at Ahossougbéta (AbomeyCalavi)
following
a
completely
randomized
blocks
design
with
three
replications.
Data
were
collected
on
twenty-three
measured
characters
on
88
accessions.
Data
were
subjected
to
the
descriptive
analysis,
the
analysis
of
variance
and
the
multivariate
analyses.
Results
showed
a
great
variability
among
the
accessions
for
the
studied
cultivars.
Three
major
groups
were
identified
and
were
characterized
by
the
AFD.
The
studied
cultivars
were
characterized
more
by
the
shape
of
the
first
leaves,
the
color
of
the
flowers,
the
color
of
the
integuments,
the
width
of
the
pods,
times
of
flowering
and
appearance
of the pods and the width and the length of the pods. These results are significantly important for the
classification of beans species of the Phaseolus genus. In addition, morphological and molecular genetic
characterizations are necessary within each specie in order to define strategies for the improvement and the
conservation of their genetic resources in Benin.