Effect of using pesticide, on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase level and risk factors of poisoning among cotton workers in Benin

Abstract

To evaluate the acetylcholinesterase level and risk factors of poisoning in pesticide users in cotton production areas in Benin. Using a cross sectional study design, 454 individuals who have been working as pesticide sprayers for at least 5 years were recruited. They completed a questionnaire and underwent AChE test before and after pesticide spraying using the Test Mate® model 400 devices (EQM Research Inc) with a photometric sensor. Empty pesticide containers/packagings were either burnt (32.82%) or re-used for domestic purposes (15.20%). After spraying, 47.93% of the participants consume milk believing that it is a good precaution against poisoning. Only 21.13% systematically use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while spraying pesticide. There was a significant inhibition between pre-exposure (AChE 2.92 ± 1.56 UI / ml) and post-exposure (AChE 2.73 ± 0.61 IU / ml): p = 0.01) AChE levels in the participants. AChE inhibition was higher in farmers who do not use PPE than in others (p=0.04).Pesticide poisoning is a reality therefore training and more preventive precaution should be taken and AChE monitoring is urgently needed for farm worker surveillance.