Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Gestational Diabetes at the Maternity of the University Hospital Center of Porto-Novo in Southern Benin

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate factors related to the maternal and perinatal prognosis of gestational diabetes. Patients and Methods: It was a prospective case-control study carried out from February 1st, 2015 to July 31st, 2017 at the maternity of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Porto-Novo in Southern Benin. We screened gestational diabetes in all pregnant women admitted to antenatal care with a gestational age between 24 and 28 Weeks of Amenorrhea (WA), and who agreed to participate in the study. Results: There was a high correlation between the delivery route and gestational diabetes, with a higher caesarean section rate [OR 2.51 95% CI (1.55-4.67)]. The maternal prognosis was more severe for women with diabetes than it was for women without diabetes. Maternal morbidity was marked by pre-eclampsia [OR 2.90 CI 95% (1.74-4.84)], urinary tract infection [OR 2.86 CI 95% (1.49-5.48)], fetal and pelvic disproportion [OR 2.67 CI 95% (1.55-4.67)] and immediate postpartum hemorrhage [OR 2.93 CI 95% (1.41-6, 07)]. Perinatal prognosis was also more severe with diabetic women than it was for non-diabetic women. Perinatal morbidity was marked by stillbirth [OR 2.77 CI 95% (1.11-6.92)], fetal asphyxia [OR 2.54 CI 95% (1.44-4.50)], immediate neonatal distress [OR 2.64 CI 95% (1.35-5.16)], secondary neonatal distress [OR 5.85 CI 95% (2.57-13.29)], macrosomia [OR 6.16 CI 95% (3.29-11.50)] and neonatal hypoglycemia [OR 5.12 CI 95% (1.57-16.76)]. The neonatal lethality rate was 5-times higher with diabetic women [OR 5.12 CI 95% (1.57-16.76)]. Conclusion: This study confirmed that gestational diabetes increases the risks of a pregnancy for the mother, the fetus, and the newborn.