Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight In Cotonou (Benin)

Abstract

Introduction: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a major global health problem because of its magnitude and strong association with child morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for low birth weight in urban areas in Cotonou (Benin) in 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in an urban setting (Cotonou). It covered 571 mothers and their children born in the period from 01 January 2019 to 28 February 2019. The data was collected during the period from 02 June 2020 to 12 June 2020. The data analysis was carried out using Software R 3.6.0. A binary logistic regression was carried out. The significance threshold was p<0.05. Results: The frequency of FPN was 17.16%. The associated factors were maternal age below 20 years (ORa=8.37 95% CI:{3.41-21.17}), prematurity (ORa=4.53 95% CI:{2.24-9.32}), the presence of maternal pathology (ORa= 28.35 95% CI:{3.41-21.17}):{13,28-64,72}), lack of antenatal care (ORa=7,07 95% CI:{2,22-23,74}), and finally multiple pregnancy (ORa=28,69 95% CI:{10,54-85,03}). Conclusion: With the exception of the non-modifiable physiological determinants, many important determinants of LBW remain accessible. Well-targeted and coordinated education and awareness raising could have a positive impact on improving the rate of underweight births.