Contribution of Risk Factors to the Appearance of Type 2 Diabetes among Patients Treated in Two University Hospitals in Togo, West Africa

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common pathologies in the world. Although its risk factors are known, it cannot be confirmed that all risk factors have a constant contribution to the development of type 2 diabetes from one population to another. In this regard, this retrospective study aims to assess the contribution of different risk factors in occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the Togolese population. Methods: In this retrospective study conducted between August and October 2020, we obtained information from 338 patients admitted to Sylvanus Olympio and Campus University Hospitals. Using a detailed questionnaire, socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, data on lifestyle and family history were collected. Results: The risk factors significantly associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes are age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI (1.01 - 1.06), P = 0.004), gender (OR = 0.52; 95% CI (0.34 - 0.80), P = 0.003), ethnic group (P = 0.001), the diabetic status of the direct ascendants (OR = 3.78; 95% CI (1.98 - 7.22), P < 0.001), siblings’ diabetic status (OR = 6.31; 95% CI (3.23 - 12.33), P < 0.001), overweight and obesity (OR = 2.45; 95% CI (1.58 - 3.79), P < 0.001), residence (P < 0.001) and sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.80, 95% CI (1.41 - 5.56), p = 0.002). Conclusion: The prevention of type 2 diabetes based on the contribution of risk factors would be effective in avoiding a sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity which are easier to influence.