Comparative study of leaves and root bark from Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): Phytochemistry and antiplasmodial activity

Abstract

The ant plasma dial activity of roots bark from Securidaca ongepedunculata was previously demonstrated in accordance with its ethno pharmacological use as antimalarial drug. Unfortunately, the uncontrolled harvesting of roots and massive destruction of S. ongepedunculata by uprooting is incompatible with the sustainable management of that antimalarial plant, particularly within Sahelian areas in the context of climate change. This paper intends to compare the phyto chemistry and antiplasmodial activity of roots bark and leaves from S. longepedunculata harvested during cold and warm period to recommend or not leaves instead of roots for malaria treatment. Phytochemical comparison was performed though spectrophotometric quantification of total polyphenol, flavonoid, alkaloid and DPPH radical scavenging test. Antiplasmodial bioassays were conducted in vitro by evaluating the viability of Plasmodium falciparum strains and the inhibition of ß-himation formation. The results showed that the methanol and chloroform leaves extracts exhibit a good inhibitory activity in strain K1 development with an IC50 as 2.2 and 2.6μg / mL respectively. The same type extracts of root barks show a moderate activity with an IC50 as 5.7μg/mL and 6.2μg/mL. Interestingly, the alkaloids were presented a best inhibition effect of strain K1 development with 1.05μg/mL as an IC50. The similar observations were obtained concerning the strain 3D7 inhibition. The leaves extract and alkaloid inhibition activities on ß-hematin formation are respectively 56.3% and 69.17%. The biological activities were supported by the different metabolites like flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloids. The finding was that the leaves could substitute to the root uses in malaria treatment.