First report on chemical composition and acaricidal activity on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich) benth leave’s essential oil in Benin, West Africa

Abstract

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Caryophyllene oxide (39.2%) was the major compound following by benzyl benzoate (9.7%), phytol (7.8%), humulene epoxide II (6.8%), (E)-14-hydroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene (4.9%), myrcene (4.3%), linalool (3.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (3.5%) and (Z)-nerolidol (3.5%). The acaricidal activity of this oil against Rhipicephalus microplus was assessed by modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) and Adult Immersion Test (AIT) with oil concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20% (v/v). Mortality percentages of larvae were 88.27%, 80.29% and 78.94% respectively at 20%, 10% and 5% dilutions. LC50 value was 3.279%. Xylopia parviflora leave’s essential oil has considerably reduced egg laying and induced a low reproductive index (0.7%) at 20% dilution. This study suggests the use of Xylopia parviflora oil to fight against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus