Demonstrations of hydro climatic constraints and populations’ adaptations in Okpara watershed at Nano outlet

Abstract

Global warming of the planet and weather forecasts bring out an increasing risk of climatic events which are not without consequences on the functioning of the populations activities. The demonstrations and the identification of population’s strategies to face climate problems are essential for any understanding of climate issues. The objective of this study is to analyze the demonstrations of hydro climatic constraints and the adaptation strategies of populations in the Okpara watershed at the Nano outlet. The methodological approach adopted consisted in the analysis of hydro climatic variability through climatologically (rain) and hydrometric (flow) data from 1971 to 2018. The study of adaptation strategies is carried out through the supported CAP approach based on field observations and socio-anthropological investigations. The manifestations of the hydro climatic variations observed by the populations are, among others, drought, increased temperatures, the disruption of the rainy seasons with increasingly rare and insufficient rains and strong winds. These manifestations are perceived differently by the populations through the sunshine, the high heat, the drying up of the rivers and as a result the development of various adaptation strategies.