Impact of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma SNP C161T gene on Lipid Parameters Linked to Diabetes Mellitus in Cotonou (Benin)

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide. Prevent or delay the onset of diabetes may be the better management of this condition. It is in this context that we have chosen to investigate the genes involved in the homeostasis of blood sugar and lipids. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the C161T polymorphism Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ) on lipid parameters in Benin subjects (n=41) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and controls (n=8). Anthropometric data in consideration were: body mass index (BMI), height, weight, waist circumference, hip turn. The biochemical parameters in consideration were: fasting glucose, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and total protein. Genomic DNA was obtained from white blood cells present in the buffy coats of type 2 diabetic subjects and controls. The mutations analysis in the coding region of PPAR gene was carried out by PCR assay while the C161T polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP. It is clear that obesity was a prognostic factor for type 2 diabetes (p =0.05). Using the correlation test, on one hand we observed a correlation between BMI, sex, height and weight, respectively, p= 0.051; p <0.001; p<0.001; and secondly a correlation between BMI and lipid parameters, p =0.012. The frequency of the wild allele '' C '' of the C161 polymorphism was 63.27% and that of the allele transferred '' T'' (T161) was 36.73%. No significant difference was observed between the SNP C161T and lipid variables TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C (p> 0.05). However, we observed a low level of TG in carriers '' TT '' than for '' CT '' and "CT +TT" (0.17g / L TT vs 0.73g / L CT vs0.69g / CT + TT). The results show that the C161T polymorphism in the PPARɣ gene is not associated with blood lipid variables in type 2 diabetes of the study population. However, a reduction of triglycerides in serum was observed in individuals carrying the variant '' TT '' C161T polymorphism of the PPARɣ gene.